Headaches are one of the most common discomforts experienced by individuals. There are many different types of headaches and several known triggers, ranging from side effects of prescriptions to external environmental factors. However, statistics indicate that women are three times more likely than men to experience frequent headaches or migraines due to hormonal changes. Here is a brief overview of how these headaches develop and what to do to manage them.

Hormonal triggers of migraine headaches among women
Menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, and even hormone replacement therapy are some of the known hormonal triggers of migraine headaches.

Headaches experienced during menstruation
Menstruation is the periodic shedding of the uterus lining and is a regular occurrence once a girl starts ovulating. During monthly menstrual cycles, estrogen and progesterone levels are at their lowest in the body. These hormonal changes can trigger migraine headaches.

Headaches during pregnancy
Some women may experience their first bout of migraine attacks early on in pregnancy. The body releases high amounts of estrogen to support the baby’s development. There is a lot of hormonal fluctuation between trimesters, leading to headaches.

Headaches during menopause
Menopause marks the end of regular menstruation. Some women opt for hormone replacement therapy to prevent or manage hot flashes and associated symptoms that develop during this time. The drastic hormonal changes tend to trigger headaches.

Migraines triggered due to oral contraceptives
Birth control methods also affect hormone levels and lead to migraines. This is not the case for all oral contraceptives, and the intensity of these headaches also varies greatly.

Common triggers of migraines
Several factors that influence the intensity and frequency of migraine headaches. These include:

• Elevated stress and anxiety
• Bright lights and loud sounds
• Jet lag or sleep deprivation
• Additives and preservatives found in foods
• Odors and unpleasant smells
• Changes in the weather
• Overexertion and physical activity

Foods that can help prevent migraines
Changes in lifestyle can be supplemented with the right foods to help prevent or minimize the intensity of headaches.

Fresh fruits
Bananas are high in potassium and magnesium, helping restore energy levels. Watermelons are great for hydration, while assorted berries like blueberries, strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries help relieve the sinus pressure.

Green vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli contain phytoestrogens, which are basically estrogen-mimicking compounds. Brussel sprouts and bok choy are also acceptable choices. Leafy greens like spinach, kale, and Swiss chard are rich sources of magnesium that help supplement the daily nutrient intake.

Beverages
Lack of fluids in the body can trigger an electrolyte imbalance that results in headaches. Apart from water, coffee and tea contain caffeine, a key ingredient in migraine prescriptions.

Prescriptions for managing migraines
Food and lifestyle changes apart, the following prescriptions can help manage most symptoms of migraines.

Nurtec® ODT
Nurtec® ODT belongs to a class of CGRP receptor blockers that is prescribed to treat and prevent migraines. It is to be taken orally.

Qulipta™
Qulipta™ is mainly prescribed to treat episodic migraines among adults. It works by blocking CGRP receptors and prevents migraine attacks.

Ubrelvy®
Ubrelvy® is a fast-acting migraine relief prescription that is suggested for adults with severe migraine attacks. It does not prevent migraines.